Critical Review of On Coffee Talk and Break-Room Chatter: Perceptions of Women Who Gossip in the Workplace

Farley, Timme, and Hart's (2010) article describes a study, which investigated the perceptions of female gossipers within the workplace. Approximately 500 students were asked to complete an online survey, 87 of whom (aged from 23 to 64) completed all 54 items. A questionnaire was conducted which included demographic items, and the subscales of a modified FIRO-B. Participants were arbitrarily allocated to a condition and were asked to â€Å"think of a female co-worker who frequently or rarely contributes negative information about other people during conversation† (Farley et al. p. 365) and then evaluate the target using a modified version of Schutz’s (1958) FIRO-B, which is a measuring instrument that contains six scales of nine-item questions (cited in Farley et al, 2010). Participants then judged the female co-worker on a five-point Likert-Type scale. The results showed that high gossipers were rated as needing to express more control than low gossipers. The participa nts also rated the high gossipers as wanting others to control them less than low gossipers.Furthermore, high gossipers were rated as less emotionally close with their peers than low gossipers. These findings support the hypothesis that high gossipers would obtain higher ratings on the express control dimension than low gossipers. The results also support the hypothesis that high gossipers would be rated as less likely to want others to put forth power over them than low gossipers. Farley et al. ‘s (2010) experiment needs a small degree of critiquing. For one, it uses a poor assortment of participants, as the sample is too constricted to make any real generalizations.Participants were recruited via email. This method of assignment would have led to unequal groups in terms of demographic characteristics such as different ages and gender (cited in Farley et al, 2010). Older people may be more judgmental of gossiping than younger people; therefore this may hinder the final result s. Also, the experimenter only used females in the questionnaire, drawing on the myth that the majority of gossipers are females; therefore it does not generalize to everyone in the workplace.There may well have been an interaction effect between gossipers and gender; therefore males as well as females should have been included in the questionnaire. Furthermore, I am not satisfied with how the authors defined ‘gossip’; in fact there is no clear statement delineating ‘gossip’. The lack of the experimenters’ control over the independent variable (gender) makes it a subject variable as opposed to a manipulated variable, therefore it is a quasi experiment and you cannot infer causality from the results.

Ib Physics Lab Report

Explore Download 0CommentLinkEmbedof 6Readcast0 inShare Xavier Bourret-Sicotte Physics18/09/2007 Measuring the speed of sound In this experiment, we will measure the speed of sound. The apparatus consisted of a plastic tube filled with water linked to a water container. Thiscontainer could be displaced vertically in order to change the water level. We would thenmake a tuning fork vibrate above the pipe and change the water level until the resonance wasat maximum intensity. Hypothesis: The velocity of sound is 330 ms -1 , the relationship between velocity, frequencyand wavelength is represented by the formula v= ? , 1) Raw data presented Table 1 Table 1 shows the frequency of the different tuning forks and the length of air needed for maximum resonance. The error on the length was estimated to 0. 1 cm as we repeated eachexperiment several times. Note the error on the forks’ frequencies is a mere estimation as theyare accurately calibrated during manufacture. Frequency /HzLength /m 512. 00. 157480. 00. 169456. 10. 178426. 60. 192406. 40. 202384. 00. 215362. 00. 226341. 30. 243320. 00. 260304. 40. 270288. 00. 288271. 20. 308256. 00. 323Error +/- 0. 1error +/- 0. 001 2) Data analysis and interpretationDuring the experiment, we have created a fundamental standing wave between the surface of the water and the opening of the pipe. The distance measured represents ? of the completestanding wave therefore ? = measured length * 4-From the general formula v= , we find that velocity of sound in ms -1 for the first tuningfork experimented is v = 512 ? 0. 157 ? 4 = 321. 536-Calculating the error for velocity: ? v = ( / ? + / ? ) ? vFor the first tuning fork: ? v = (0. 001 / 0. 157+0. 1/512) ? 321. 536 ? v = 2. 1108 ms -1 ? v ? 2 ms -1 ? v ? 322 +/- 2 ms -1 To find the mean velocity we add all values of v and divide the sum by the number of values. A similar process was completed for the mean ? v. Results of all processed data are shown in table 2 Table 2 Frequency Hz -1 Length m -1 Velocity ms -1 ? velocity +/- ms -1 512. 00. 1573222480. 00. 1693242456. 10. 1783252426. 60. 1923282406. 40. 2023282384. 00. 2153302362. 00. 2263271341. 30. 2433321320. 00. 2603331304. 40. 2703291288. 00. 2883321271. 20. 3083341256. 00. 3233311error +/- 0. 1error +/- 0. 001 Mean velocity = (322+324+325+328†¦) / 13 ? 329Mean ? v = (2+2+2+2+2+2+1+1+1†¦)/13 ? +/- 2 ms -1 As v = , and ? = v / ? , let be constant of 330 ms -1 then ? ? 1/ ? By plotting the graph of Frequency over 1/ ? we obtain a straight line. The gradient of thisline represents the constant v and the y-intercept a systematic error. The situation is illustrated by graph 1 Graph 1 y = 313. 24x + 16. 736200. 0250. 0300. 0350. 0400. 0450. 0500. 0550. 00. 55 0. 75 0. 95 1. 15 1. 35 1. 55 1. 75 1/wavelength m-1 Note that if we add the y-intercept to the gradient we obtain the value of 329. 976 ms -1 for thespeed of sound. Moreover, the second best fit line (in red) illustrates the most extreme int erpretation of the Speed of Sound IB Physics HL Lab reportPhysics HL coursework 2008Grade 7 Download or Print Add To Collection 8. 4K READS 18 READCASTS 1 EMBED VIEWS Published by xb08 Follow Search TIP Press ? F to search anywhere in the document. Info and Rating Category:School Work > Essays & Theses Rating: Upload Date:09/20/2010 Copyright:Attribution Non-commercial Tags: Lab Reportspeed of soundib physics hl Free download as PDF File (. pdf), Word Doc (. doc), Text File (. txt) or read online for free. Flag document for inapproriate content Download and print this document Choose a format to download in .PDF. DOC. TXT Download More From This User 4 p. Eco Q1 V5 xb08 5 Reads 11 p. The Radio Report xb08 48 Reads 6 p. Palm Jumeirah project management report xb08 780 Reads Next Recommended 8 p. Speed of Sound Physics Lab Report hankschmidt 7472 Reads 7 p. Simple Pendulum Lab sagarchester 91725 Reads 9 p. Speed of Sound Lab Will Guo 1126 Reads Next Leave a Comment You must be logged in to leave a comment. Submit Characters: 400 About About Scribd Blog Join our team! Contact Us Premium Premium Reader Scribd Store Advertise with us Get started AdChoices Support Help FAQ Press Partners Publishers Developers / API Legal Terms Privacy Copyright  © Copyright 2012 Scribd Inc. Language:English

A Study On Corruption In Bangladesh Politics Essay

A Study On Corruption In Bangladesh Politics Essay Bangladesh, undoubtedly, is one of the worlds most populated countries, with minimal progress because of its relatively late independence in 1971, as well as its limited resources. Bangladesh’s struggle to become an independent and developed country has been difficult, thus making it one of the poorest countries in the world. It ranks 36th in the world for having the largest portion of the population below the poverty line. Since people do not have a sufficient amount of money, they start to look for options in which they can seek personal gain, while disregarding ethical questions. Corruption is a fester epidemic in Bangladeshi society, penetrating the very fabric of the people’s lives. This prevents rich countries from effectively administrating crucial aid to poverty-stricken Bangladesh because of concerns regarding the rampant poverty. Corruption not only cripples the economic development of a country, but it also damages capital accumulation, increases income ineq uality, poverty and reduces the effectiveness of development aid.[1] Due to its geographic location, Bangladesh is subjected to many natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes and tsunamis. Bangladesh’s vulnerability to natural disasters unquestionably leaves more than half the nation dependent on water, which is now their means of living. People in Bangladesh are unable to meet the basic necessities of life and consequently, this triggers poverty. More than 45% of Bangladesh’s population is below the poverty line as of 2004. Therefore, the process of poverty leads to many people going into depression. Like many other developing nations, Bangladesh faces immense challenges. It will never have a viable future because factors like corruption, vulnerability to natural disasters and poverty hinder the nation’s progress. Bangladesh is a country, where more than 40 percent of the population lives less than a dollar a day, and a factor like corruption is just keepin g its economy from improving. Global watchdog Transparency International rated Bangladesh the world’s most corrupt nation for five consecutive years since 2001.[2] It has been estimated that nearly 75% more than $35 billion dollars received since independence has been lost for corruption.[3] Many politicians in Bangladesh attain private gain secretly and are never held accountable or accused for it because of their high ranks. Even the highest officers of politics and judiciary have been tainted by the evil of corruption. Money is always used to fill up the pockets of corrupted representatives. The educated are elected through rigging, and once they have a huge say in the government, they misuse their power of authority. The increase in corruption is due to inappropriate and inadequate applications of law. There have been no effective steps or activities taken to protest crime. Evidently, it is not easy to take action against corrupt government officials hence this all encour ages them towards greater corruption.[4] Corruption is also evident because of Bangladesh’s failure to practice proper democracy. When money is infested into Bangladesh’s economy, it is never used to abolish its weaknesses and rather used unethically. Since independence, most of those who ruled the country were corrupt. In all, the absence of trustworthy and honest leadership to guide a nation is the major cause of the increase in corruption.[5]

Crude oil prices Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crude oil prices - Research Paper Example Crude futures declined in the recent past on concerns global oversupply is hurriedly  filling oil stocks. Total petroleum output in the year 2015 is expected to go up to 9.35 million barrels every day, slightly more than the 9.3 million barrels daily forecast in the previous period, the Energy Information Administration (EIA) said last week in its monthly short-term energy outlook. Independently, oil stocks went up more than anticipated marking the several consecutive week of a higher overall than at any other time for the last 80 years and more. The American commercial crude oil stocks rose by appoxialely4.5 million barrels from the previous week, the EIA said Wednesday. Another reason weighing on oil price is the OPEC. The U.S. oil output could be adversely affected in the years due to low oil prices offered by the OPEC countries. In addition, the lower global oil prices may have affected the marginal barrel output from other sources, such as shale, OPEC said.  The OPEC body controls a significant percentage of the world’s fuel production. As such, any decision they make directly affect the market prices of the commodity. In this case, the petroleum trading block may take actions targeting their competitors. Such actions may include flooding the market with the commodity leading to market forces coming into play and hence price decline. America has been in the frontline in the war against terrorism. As such, the country has formulated various policies aimed at reducing terrorism. Such policies have been affected towards Iran and Tehran for their alleged involvement in nuclear weapon manufacturing. In this case, the two countries are prohibited from placing their products in major global markets. However, USA and the two countries have signed several deals that have seen the reintroduction of petroleum product from two nations. In this case, the total global supplies increase prompting the market forces to push the prices

Reform of Human Resource Department in Ontario Public Services Essay

Reform of Human Resource Department in Ontario Public Services - Essay Example The report provides us with an insight that the human resource management can help in shaping the behavior of employee that is consistent with the organization’s reason for existence; purpose, mission and vision. The focus of this research was to shift from traditional HR to strategic HR. This shift from traditional to strategic human resource was to ensure the flexibility and innovation based on technology. Another focus of OPS was to focus on outsourcing that was to be limited only for those departments of the organization where the department needs motivated employees. Other departments in which the organization excels would be handled by the OPS. In this research paper the importance of human resource will be judged by conducting relevant analysis based on Ontario public services. The analysis is based on up-to-date data and models that would help to conclude regarding the progress of human resource management in Ontario public services. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW For an organiz ation to be successful and to respond to the challenges, the organization must bear high recruitment cost. This recruitment would help to accomplish the vision and mission and pursue the organizational excellence (Armstrong, 2009). For such purpose the OPS has developed a plan to focus on outsourcing which would help the OPS to reduce its recruitment cost and provide the organization with the best human resource available. This reduction in cost could be an opportunity for the OSP to use the capital in investing in other programs where the probability of return is greater than the others. According to the Equity theory, employees look for a balance between their input (hard work, loyalty, commitment, determination,... This essay provides relevant analysis of human resource management in Ontario public services and outlines the importance of human resource department in the OPS. The analysis is based on up-to-date data and models. The report provides us with an insight that the human resource management can help in shaping the behavior of employee that is consistent with the organization’s reason for existence; purpose, mission and vision. The shift from traditional to strategic human resource was made to ensure the flexibility and innovation based on technology. Another focus of OPS was to focus on outsourcing that was to be limited only for those departments of the organization where the department needs motivated employees. Other departments in which the organization excels would be handled by the OPS. In this essay the importance of human resource is judged by conducting relevant analysis based on Ontario public services. It could be concluded that OPS was successful in the implementation and change of HRM from traditional to strategic human resource. The shift from traditional to strategic HR is deemed successful by introducing the technology which reduced the efforts and time consumption in the organizations. OPS emphasized on the quality of human resource rather than the quantity of employees. Employees being the greatest resource of OPS, it had been given a special place in the public services. The employees are trained and developed to create competencies that would be helpful for the organizations in the future.

Marketing Strategy for DHL Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Marketing Strategy for DHL - Case Study Example DHL is a global company involved in postal services finance and express. In DHL, a fundamental innovation represents a break with the past and fulfills a need that was not previously met. Air conditioners and television sets are examples of fundamental innovations -- both meet previously unfulfilled needs. Their introduction requires considerable change in consumer purchase-and-use habits. A functional innovation requires some change in consumer habits but meets a need previously fulfilled. However, it meets the need in a superior manner. Automatic washers and dryers are examples. It is the least complex of all changes in the innovation spectrum. Minor product changes, color style, and package alterations fall into this category. To become an innovation, an invention or new idea must gain consumer acceptance. Innovation is inextricably intertwined with, and governed by, buyer behavior. Innovation focuses on such behavioral problems as acceptance of new products, brands, services, and processes, the diffusion of marketing information, resistance to change, informal leadership, and acceptance of risk. As a business strategy, innovation greatly affects corporate growth, survival, and profitability. It reflects the changing market wants and needs of customers. Innovation is stimulated by competition. Whenever new products or services are launched, business becomes concerned as to whether customers will accept them, and if they do, how long it will take for innovations to be profitable. Innovation as the M

JP Morgan's scope of global operations, location of major foreign Research Paper

JP Morgan's scope of global operations, location of major foreign subsidiaries , their activities, and share in global revenues - Research Paper Example nd Chase brands, the bank has gained millions of customers across the worlds’ most prominent institutional, corporate and government clients (Oshri, et.al p.76). The firm has made an oversea priority by expanding its operations globally. JPMorgan Chase gets almost quarter of its revenue from the foreign operations by having branches outside the United States. The company focuses on mainly in West Europe as it main target for international operation by investing in banking and treasury services (Mergent Industrial Manual, p.167). Although the company has faced major competition from big banks such as HSBC and Standard Chartered that has toeholds in emerging markets, it subsidiaries are still performing good. For example, the Citigroup has been rank to derive almost 60 percent of its revenue from overseas market and has also recorded good performance in China and India for decades (Loosvelt, p.34). The bank had been laying the groundwork for international expansion for sometimes and its now planning to open more branches in China, Russia and India. The bank assigned two top lieutenants to explore out the potential consumer overseas (Kumar, p.167). The bank created a network of global adviser that included Tony Blair the former British prime minister and established a partnership with buyout firm to hunt for overseas acquisitions. Due to the global credit crisis, the plans were postponed but the top executives are committed to bolstering the bank’s overseas business. The market plans to focus on a dozen of emerging markets that includes Brazil, Russia, India, and China as well as places like Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam and parts of Africa (Nelsons Directory of Investment Research, p.178). The company has  set several strategies  that have increased the bank’s international portfolio. For instance, the company has purchased trading units from the Royal Bank of Scotland. The company has greater plans to buy one of the Brazilian asset management firm known as

Business Information Systems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Information Systems - Assignment Example ion that is linked to processes as well as responsible for providing business administration a 360-degree vision all through the distributed company departments of the bank. To opt for this business intelligence platform from business Objects was the logical alternatives to facilitate and expand the worth as well as importance of bank’s SAP deployment. The Business objective for the bank’s intelligence platform has the plan eristic to hold up together present and upcoming information requirements as well as it also authorizes bank’s executives by means of the information they require for developing day-to-day working and formulating effective decision for the bank. Bank of Ireland business Group deals with almost thousands of dealer demands into its collective services department every year plus well-organized administration of this data and information flow is quite necessary planned for its Acquire-to-Compensate procedures and practices. Implementation of a lat est ERP application proposed to develop efficiency; it has become apparent that better procedures and practices were enviable for moving as well as recovery of business invoices, plus the bank started out to the marketplace in order to find out new and innovative solution and efficient techniques (SoftCo Group Ltd., 2010), (Laguerre & Welsh, 2010), (SAP-2, 2010) and (Case Study). At the earlier SAP implementation in the Bank of Ireland, there were great opportunities and facilities to the additional and far effective development in business invoice management and accurate handling of business dealings. Formerly the business was functioning totally with manual methods planned for managing and handling business processes which are vital for the approval or required for a number of exceptions determined prior to processing. The major difficulties in the paper-based or manual procedures were becoming more and more difficult plus time-consuming. These incorporated processes which are missing, the troubles

Does music play a central role in the Goth scene Essay

Does music play a central role in the Goth scene - Essay Example Elsewhere goth is described in terms of an identity that is counter-culture and goes against the grain of popular society. It chooses deliberately to be unpopular and to go its own way in terms of self-development, fashion, music, and other key lifestyle aspects, including the choice of friends and activities (Urban Dictionary 2014; Williams 2006). Meanwhile, from the point of view of the rest of society, goth, the goth scene, and goth subculture tend towards the fringe and dark side of things. This is the case in fashion and in elements of popular culture such as music. That said, the mainstream seems to have mixed reactions towards Goth, with many seeing goth as a benign and a valid way for teenagers and disaffected youth to define themselves and their group (Gold and Cuda 1999). While simple definitions abound, modern day contexts for Goth and the Goth scene seem to indicate that Goth identity and the elements of Goth are fluid and are continuously evolving. There is the assertion in Daniel and Desantis (2013) that Goth as a movement of counterculture owes its staying power to the lasting appeal of its aesthetic, which is not death but persistent non-death. Goth seems to thrive by going against the mainstream. The emphasis is ongoing against what mainstream society prescribes in terms of activities, what to do, and fashion, what to wear, among other things. Moodiness and an inclination towards the dark and lonely side of things is a pervasive emotional atmosphere. This moodiness is what outside society sees from the outside looking in. As subculture, meanwhile, Goth has within it elements relating to the free expression of sexuality, defining artifacts and features that include certain fashion and musical preferences as described above (Daniel and Desantis 2013; Fereday n.d.; Wilkins 2004; Hodkinson 2005; Tumblr 2014; Smith 1997). Music too comes up inevitably in discussions of Goth, as a key

Lending Situation paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lending Situation - Term Paper Example As it looks, the company is currently struggling in the market since the margins reflected in the last financial records show that it made a profit of only $275,000 the previous year. It is even more worrying to learn that there was a drop in the company’s revenues from the previous year (6,150,000 to 5,200,000); an indication that the company’s revenues have been declining over the years. It is also clear that this decline is majorly attributed to the fact that the company is still operating on the traditional old ways of print media while the current world is shifting to the digital media. Indications are that the company is competing with other major producers which give the company a stiff competition in the market. For the construction of the new plant to take place, it will need a duration of 12 months to be completed which is a long time since during this period there will be no increase in production and the company will therefore have to rely only on the already depreciating revenues from the old press. On the positive end, Mr. Harvey’s plan seems to be a well thought out investment to salvage the company from declining; it is a promising kind of investment since this is where the market trend is heading to. With the establishment of the new plant, he will be able to maintain and even increase company’s market share. This will tremendously increase the revenue base of the company. The company is well located in the suburbs where there is availability of labour required in the plant. An area of 150 miles is a large area dominated by the company and focusing on this market will give the company good revenue. It is also important to note that Mr. Harvey is not abandoning the printing altogether because there will always be a need for print media even with the shift in technology. This will provide continuous income to the company. As pointed out by Ahlers, print media in the form of books, magazines, newspapers will

Graduation Day Speech Essay Example for Free

Graduation Day Speech Essay April 1, 2007 our graduation day. Our final day in high school. The day weve been waiting for. The day wherein we are going to close another chapter of our lives, to finally cross the line, to reach the stars and sadly, to say goodbye. Four years. Four years of projects, assignments, examinations, bundles of research papers cramming so hard just to pass it on the deadly deadline clearances, and a whole lot more. But then, its still just the first phase, we still need to continue what we have started. And thats the college life. A lot will change, for sure. But the memories, the fun, the experiences It all cant be taken away just like that. High school life is still the best ever. Here, we can feel the hardships, sense of responsibility, the fun of life, the game of love, the puzzle of choices, the mending of heartaches, the signal to move on, the time that we are being pressured, the friends we can talk to, the teachers we once both loved and hated, the events we will never forget. Every start has an end. But hey, the question is: Is this really the end of it? I dont think so. I know that therell be more to come. Â  Think positive always. Set your choices and goals in life on the right track. Cite your target and aim to success! All of these, all of what we have now were made possible by our hard work, the sweat and blood of our parents and the guidance of God. May it be that what we have learned over the past years will mold us to be better people. People who dont just go along with this fast-paced world, but people who see the end of the road clearly. As what Mr. Gasapo said last Friday night, You must have a 20/20 vision. Fellow graduates, that paper your diploma is your key to that dimension. A dimension which will offer a lot of opportunities to choose from. And from these opportunities, will be your life. Live that life. Never waste it. Stand to what you believe in is right, as long as it is really the right one. Show the power of the youth. Dont put yourself down caused by the words of other people. Take it as a challenge in life and say, This will pass. Yes, this will pass. We have passed a lot of controversies. Our unique batch survived and will continue to survive the quest of life. From Qui Seperabit? to Con Brio, we held hands and fought the strong waves. And here we are, with our caps and togas on, ready to pursue what we really wanted. The class prophecy said it all. Who knows? During our alumni homecoming, it might all come true. Today, Ill take this opportunity to plug a website. It is where the farewell speeches of my fellow graduates are posted on. Please, if you have time, visit www.nmaconbrio.tk. With this simple site, may it bring back and reminisce thoughts of high school life to you. Con Brio 2007, we are indeed with vigor and brilliancy. Hold that name wherever you go and be proud! May I request the Con Brio 2007 to please sing with me the first stanza of our class song, Goodbye my Friend. (-) Yes, let us keep the knowledge we have learned. Let us live the dreams we have dreamed of. Let us show the world what we really have. Together, forever, we will stand. We will bid goodbye today, but never will we go away. We will look back to our alma mater for it is here, where it all began. Farewell! Farewell! Hope to see you again in the crossroads of life.

Technology as a Facilitator in the English as a Foreign Language Essay Example for Free

Technology as a Facilitator in the English as a Foreign Language Essay Technology has taken over most areas of our lives including schools. Specifically, the arrival of the internet changed the way that language is taught thanks to the possibility of communicating throughout the world and because of the many sources online. This essay will deal with different aspects of computers and internet in the process of teaching and learning English as a foreign language (EFL). First, I will give examples of different technological tools that can be used to teach a language. Second, I will present the advantages of using technology for learning different aspects of a language. Then, I will present the disadvantages of technology. Finally, I will provide recommendations for teachers regarding the use of technology in the EFL classroom. I chose this subject since I have worked in the Hi-Tech industry for over a decade and I am interested in applying the Hi-Tech resources to help my students the best way I can. I believe that nowadays technology is the most essential element in our lives, and is a great tool to use in the EFL classroom. Technology includes computers, software programs, internet, video players, overhead projectors and data show projectors, as well as multimedia (texts, films, video, audio, animation, and graphics). Since students need to experience the language in every aspect possible, technology can be an effective tool to teach languages including EFL. This is important because in the early 80s, Howard Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences. He stated that each student is unique and learns in a different ways. Today, various tools and applications of technology can be used in multiple ways in the EFL classroom regardless of the students’ level or the subject taught. It can provide opportunities that address individual student learning and meet the different learning styles. Language learning and teaching is enabled by the many sources of materials that students can use. First, the internet enables teachers to bring different cultures into the classroom, which is an important element in language learning and teaching. For some tasks, such as listening exercises, computers have advantages over traditional approaches because they provide sound as well as visual input that helps students with contextual clues. Second, a variety of  software programs allows students to practice vocabulary, reading, listening comprehension, grammar, and speaking skills. An environment rich with language: allows the students to interact with each other so that learning through communication can occur (Liaw, 1997, in Patel, 2013). The computer with its different learning strategies and games constitutes an attractive kind of teaching. Third, Case and Truscott (1999, in Green, 2003), report that the independence the students acquire while working on a computer pushes them to read from simple to complex texts since it addresses their personal needs. Most students find it easier to approach a writing task on the computer because it is more enjoyable. One reason is the use of graphics and dictionaries available online that help them write more confidently. Moreover, the use of e-mail is a way to encourage students to write in a new language. According to Trenchs (1996, in Green, 2003), students use e-mails, willingly because they dont feel forced to do so and because they know they are not being graded. The lack of pressure encourages students to share information while doing so in a foreign language. In addition, the use of e-mailing is an excellent tool to improve writing skills as well as vocabulary acquisition. The computer and internet have become the main means for communication on a worldwide level and since communication is considered an excellent tool for promoting language learning, technology is welcomed in the EFL classroom. The students have the opportunity to communicate freely without a time limit or social concerns. Even the weaker students are able to take an active part in class and communicate confidently with their teachers through e-mails. In spite of the importance and effectiveness of technology, when teaching and learning EFL in concerned, there are some disadvantages. First, the computer can be an overwhelming and imposing instrument for both students and teachers. The complexity of the computer possibilities may cause frustration, as students and teachers spend a lot of time struggling and trying to understand how to use it. The search for suitable materials is also time consuming and can be very exhausting. In addition Colaric and Jonassen (2003 in Morgan, 2008) warn teachers from the vast library. In  other words, the search for information and hyper-linking may be a distraction from the learning process. An additional disadvantage is the teachers lack of computer skills and technical knowledge. This usually leads to a complete waste of time in class and adds to both teachers and students confusion. Finally, the cost of maintenance is another disadvantage of using technology, especially in schools. So, unless the teacher is well trained in technology, and can solve problems that might occur, a technician will be needed. Schools usually find it difficult to support the purchased technology, and that makes them useless. Hence, in order to turn technology into a teaching strategy, teachers need to be encouraged to acquire the necessary skills in using technology to help improve their teaching. In addition teachers need to be aware of the importance of technology in enhancing learning in the EFL classroom. Once teachers and students learn how to make responsible use of computers, and master the skill of selecting and editing the large range of information for their purposes, language acquisition will become easier. To conclude, having given examples of different technological tools that can be used to teach a language. Then, presented the advantages and disadvantages of using technology in the EFL classroom and finally provided recommendations for teachers regarding the use of technology, it can be said that technology, specifically computers and the internet, has many benefits for language learning when it is used correctly. Teachers can use it to improve the learning environment and the students’ vocabulary as well as reading, listening, and speaking skills. Also, technology in the EFL classroom offers students a range of information, motivation to learn and an enhanced quality of class work. This essay has also shown the disadvantages of using technology when teachers and students do not know how to handle it moderately and wisely. It is extremely important to remember that technology is a great tool in the EFL classroom, but it cannot replace the teacher. References 1.Case, C. and Truscott, D. (1999). Using Technology to Help ESL/EFL Students Develop Language Skills. In: Green, (2003). 2.Green, T. (2003). Using Technology to Help ESL/EFL Students Develop Language Skills. http://iteslj.org/Articles/Ybarra-Technology.html/26.4.2013. 3.Liaw, M.L. (1997). Computer Network Technology-A Facilitator in English Language Teaching Learning. In: Patel, S.D. (2013). 4.Morgan, M. (2008). More Productive Use of Technology in the ESL/EFL Classroom. http://iteslj.org/Articles/Morgan-Technology.html./26.4.2013. 5.Patel, S.D. (2013). Computer Network Technology-A Facilitator in English Language Teaching Learning. https://sites.google.com/site/journaloftechnologyforelt/archive/3-2-april-2013/2-computer-network-technology-a-facilitator-in-english-language-teaching-learning./ 26.4.2013 6.Trenchs, M. (1996). Using Technology to Help ESL/EFL Students Develop Language Skills. In: Green, (2003).

Women of dystopias

Women of dystopias Women of dystopias prevailing female stereotypes in Huxleys and Orwells fiction Dystopias as a genre present an interesting aesthetic and psychological challenge. Their view of the future is fixed in the past or the present, and as such, are in danger of not transcending the limitations of their own cultural and sociological context. A certain aspect of dystopias is the ever-present human trait of wishing to â€Å"solve problems†. By projecting the issues of the present into the future, by removing the specific factors surrounding ones quandary, one wishes to see a clearer image, to achieve some sort of enlightenment. Dystopias are the perfect genre for that other common human trait (connected to the aforementioned penchant for problem-solving) of presenting the worst that may come to pass (sometimes metaphorically pointing a finger and yelling â€Å"I told you so!†). Yet in such exercises of the mind, the subject of authorial objectivity inevitably arises when writing a dystopia, how far removed should the subject matter be from ones perceived r eality? Since a dystopia is to significant degree a heavily satirized transmogrification of ones â€Å"real world†, this seems a contradiction in terms. Yet in not being sufficiently willing or able to remove oneself from the conventionally perceived notions and ideals of ones society, one runs the risk (as the author of a dystopia) of compromising the authenticity of ones fictional universe. An argument could be made that this is the case with George Orwells 1984 and Aldous Huxleys Brave New World; the fashion in which female characters are portrayed in both novels conjures up a sense of the misogyny of the authors, rather than a truly dystopian perception of women. The post-war (WWI in the case of Huxley, WWII in the case of Orwell) mentality and internalized misogyny of both Huxleys and Orwells time is palpably present in the characters of Linda and Lenina, respectively Winstons mother and Julia. By examining these crucial mother and lover characters in their most signific ant scenes, several interesting parallels can be drawn between the authors treatment of their female characters. The fact that both Huxley and Orwell focus primarily on the female archetypes of lover and mother is in itself quite revealing. The use of these archetypes is not limited to the figures of Linda, Lenina or Winstons mother and Julia; in Brave New World, every woman falls into either category. All women of the â€Å"modern world† are potential lovers their â€Å"pneumatic† bodies (an adjective interestingly enough only used in conjunction with womens bodies and furniture[1]) free for the taking (and freely offered up, at that). â€Å"Mother† as a term is used to describe everything that is the opposite of a carefree, lustful existence aging, sagging, embarrassment and taboo. No corresponding term exists to embarrass men as Huxley puts it, the term â€Å"father† is a â€Å"scatological rather than a pornographic impropriety†[2]. This hierarchy of shame resurfaces during Bernard and Leninas visit to Malpais the old man (the first old person whom Le nina sees) is described in three lines, whilst Linda, the Savages mother, is described in a lengthy paragraph, containing visual, olfactory and tactile references. This â€Å"grotesque† mother-figure is apparent in 1984 as well, although described in a rather more oblique fashion. The reference to â€Å"monstrous women with brick-red forearms†[3] (p.86), and the nomer â€Å"Mrs.† which â€Å"with some women one used () instinctively†[4] (p.22), all point to an internalized image of â€Å"motherhood† which Orwell uses to juxtapose with the virginal (and insipid) Katherine, and the lustful (and cunning) Julia. Motherhood, or rather the absence of any true motherhood (in the sense of being allowed to openly care for, and show affection for ones children) are central themes in 1984, thus one understands the need to extrapolate on the concept yet the occasionally dropped adjective, such as the aforementioned â€Å"monstrous† and the categorizati on of women into â€Å"Mrs.† and â€Å"non-Mrs.† types points to an external, rather than any internal set of values that could exist in the universe of 1984. The characters described in the novel have all grown up in â€Å"the system† (perhaps with Winston having a slight remembrance of life before Big Brother), thus it seems odd that for example Julia should use terms like â€Å"a real womans frock†[5] (p.149) accepting that these items (frocks and high-heels instead of the overalls and practical shoes of the Party) could be found amongst the proles, one is tempted to ask why Julia would refer to them as â€Å"real†. The term â€Å"real woman† is incredibly relative, and has through time come to refer to everything from Rubenesque figures and unpainted faces to willowy, dramatically made-up women. In this context, â€Å"real woman† could by default only refer to the overall and flat-shoe wearing, chaste women of the Party. This cognitive dissonance becomes an issue in Brave New World as well the Savages view of women is problematic at best. Having grown up amongst the people of Malpais, it is strange that he should become so completely enamoured with Lenina, to the point of regarding her beauty as not only exquisite, but normative. His world-view is explained through him having come into contact with Shakespeares works at an early age, yet this does not explain the curious exclusion in his consciousness of anything lustful, ribald or â€Å"risquà ©Ã¢â‚¬  in the very plays that he idolizes. His mother-complex is more explicable (at least in a psychological sense), yet becomes rather distracting in its one-sidedness. John is a protector-figure, a budding knight in white armour who unsuccessfully tries to rescue his mother from her self-initiated sexual behaviour. His attempted murder of Popà © is symbolical of a masculinity which is again a projection of an external masculinity onto that of the wor ld of Brave New World. â€Å"Mother, monogamy, romance ()†, the mantra that the â€Å"brave new world† has rejected is the one that he metaphorically repeats again and again to himself. Thus, the true conflict arises between him, and Mustafa Mond, arbiters of these two masculinities rendering the women secondary characters, objects of either feelings of lust, or protectiveness. As Goldstein rightly points out by quoting Easthope, this is present in 1984 as well, in the dynamics of Winston and OBriens relationship: â€Å"Winston, who frequently shows misogynist feelings, disavows Julia and heterosexual desire, accepts his unconscious homosexuality, and loves OBrien and Big Brother† (p.52).[6] In fact, in the light of this statement, what becomes increasingly obvious is the complete lack of intellectual women in either Brave New World or 1984. Women are incapable of introspection in either novel Julia is described as cunning and shrewd, but also as having a shor t attention span, and no real powers of analysis. Schweickart rightfully states that â€Å"Smiths question: â€Å"Julia, are you awake?† could very well be the title of a feminist retelling of 1984.†[7] (p.4), seeing as how Julia sleeps through Winstons perusal of Goldsteins book, and in general shows no interest in notions not concerning her sexuality. â€Å"Othering† women thus becomes a subconscious but constant theme in both Brave New World and 1984. What is not explained in BNW for example is why lust is exclusively sought by male bodies in female bodies homosexuality is mentioned once in the novel, in the past tense, by Mustafa Mond, referred to as the result of a monogamous, obsessive and repressed lifestyle. Yet surely, in a society where cumulative lust is valued beyond all, the gender-binary and heteronormative system of values described by Huxley would make no sense. This again points to a transposed, external set of values, which reference Huxleys world view, rather than anything objectively dystopian. The aforementioned comment of Julias (â€Å"real woman†) poses a similar dilemma rather than referencing the instances of illicit behaviour committed by Julia, it seems to reference Orwells concept of real womanhood. As Patai points out, Orwells oeuvre contains â€Å"a tension between his occasional appre ciation of women and his dislike of them, especially the abstraction that is usually referred to as the â€Å"feminine†[8](p.867). She extrapolates, saying that â€Å"although men [in the world of 1984] fear women because they may be spies, in general the assumptions of male centrality and female â€Å"otherness† have survived intact. Julias love for Winston makes him healthier, whereas OBriens attentions destroy him physically; but Winstons true alliance, as we have seen, is with OBrien, who engages him as a worthy opponent a recognition that means more to Winston than Julias love.† [9](p.867). This covert dismissal of his and Julias love is apparent in the terms that Winstonchooses to describe it with; it is a â€Å"hopeless fancy†, â€Å"yet he also dismisses the washerwomans song about such a hopeless fancy because he considers the song and the woman mindless and mechanical†[10] (p.46). The Savage is equally fanciful in his relationship with L enina he constructs an ideal to which she unsurprisingly fails to live up to, and goes from considering his hand unworthy to touch her to quoting Othello at her, and getting physically violent. Yet his disappointment is in her moral nature in her refusal to be passive, and to be worshipped by him. True kinship is masculine, in both 1984 and Brave New World. There seems to be a rather disturbing notion in connection with this male kinship; it is somehow connected to absent mothers, or rather mothers who could never truly live up to the ideal of motherhood (both a physical, and spiritual ideal, as we shall see). Winston keeps connecting his mother (who was first described as a statuesque, brave woman) to various â€Å"grotesque† (term as used by Orwell) figures of womanhood, most notably the woman who vomits copiously next to him in the preliminary detainment cell (â€Å"She might, thought Winston, be his mother.† (p.240)). The Savages mother, Linda, is also presented as the most grotesque female figure in the narrative of Brave New World (â€Å"grotesque† both as defined by the internal system of values of the novel, and the external ones of the author and readership). These absurd instances contain something of the freak-show within them a voyeuristic, almost fetishistic obsession with the female form, and within that category, the most â€Å"sacred† one, that of the mother. Within the context of the archetype, it is understood that â€Å"mothers† are not sexual beings thus the reference to the prostitute that Winston visits as being his mothers age, or to Linda sleeping with Popà © are playing with taboo, trying to titillate the readers sense of the inappropriate through reference to the heteronormative sense of order. Overall, one experiences a striving on the part of both authors to order women into easily identifiable categories (mothers and (m)others), thus not really challenging or redefining their own societies respective views on women. Thus, regardless of the fact that both Huxley and Orwell manage to create complex fictional universes (arguably Orwells being more sophisticated than Huxleys), their views on women are seemingly transposed in their entirety without conscious criticism or willingness to challenge the reader. Works consulted * Goldstein, Philip, Orwell as a (Neo)conservative: The Reception of 1984, The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association, Vol. 33, No. 1 (Winter, 2000), pp. 44-57 Published by: Midwest Modern Language Association, Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1315117 * Patai, Daphne, Gamesmanship and Androcentrism in Orwells 1984. PMLA, Vol. 97, No. 5 (Oct., 1982), pp. 856-870, retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/462176 * Schweickart, Patsy, Orwell Revisited, The Womens Review of Books, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Nov., 1984), pp. 3-4,Published by: Old City Publishing, Inc. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4019466 * Orwell, George, 1984, London, Penguin Books (1989) * Huxley, Aldous, Brave New World, http://www.hedweb.com/huxley/bnw [1] Huxley, Aldous, Brave New World, (http://www.hedweb.com/huxley/bnw/four.html â€Å"the pneumatic sofas† [2] Ibid, http://www.hedweb.com/huxley/bnw/ten.html [3] Orwell, George, 1984, London, Penguin Books (1989) [4] Ibid [5] Ibid [6] Goldstein, Philip, Orwell as a (Neo)conservative: The Reception of 1984, The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association, Vol. 33, No. 1 (Winter, 2000), pp. 44-57 Published by: Midwest Modern Language Association, Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1315117 [7] Schweickart, Patsy, Orwell Revisited, The Womens Review of Books, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Nov., 1984), pp. 3-4,Published by: Old City Publishing, Inc. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4019466 [8] Patai, Daphne, Gamesmanship and Androcentrism in Orwells 1984. PMLA, Vol. 97, No. 5 (Oct., 1982), pp. 856-870, retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/462176 [9] Ibid [10] Goldstein, Philip, Orwell as a (Neo)conservative: The Reception of 1984, The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association, Vol. 33, No. 1 (Winter, 2000), pp. 44-57 Published by: Midwest Modern Language Association, Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1315117

Feared Drowned :: essays research papers

Favorite Poem I picked the poem â€Å"Feared Drowned† by Sharon Olds as my favorite poem because it reminds me of a hard time that I had to overcome in my life. Once in my lifetime, I found this one perfect person who I fell in love with and lived happily ever after. Yeah, in reality this did not happen. Yes, we did have common interests and therefore developed romantic involvement. Real life relationships are more like "The Real World" rather than "Romeo and Juliet". It was a fact of life that couples do break up. In my freshman year of college I lost someone very special. My girlfriend at that time broke up with me but she still wanted to be friends. We had been in a relationship for about 4 years and all of a sudden everything started to fall apart. I could not figure out how that could be possible to be friends still. I always thought once you break up that’s it you go your way and I go my way. I didn’t really want to be friends with her. I was ready to move on with life but she kept coming back to me. Although, I didn’t look at her the same way I used to but she still wanted talk on the phone and go out. Growing apart was the reason for our break-up. This was an instance where we just did not feel attracted to each other anymore and that resulted in an end of relationship. She started talking to another guy and I started talking to this one girl and we came to the conclusion that we should break-up before anything bad happened such as losing trust in one another and this could hurt our relationships forever. Now I have overcame that tough time and I am still friends with my ex-girlfriend.

Dissection Alternatives Essay -- essays papers

Dissection Alternatives Dissection in science classrooms is an experience that almost every student has to go through, but one that many will regret. It is estimated that six million vertebrate animals are dissected in high schools each year, and another 5.7 million are used in college laboratories. The issue of educational dissection has become a national concern. Many groups such as PETA and The Humane Society have been lobbying for years to outlaw such practices, and implement new and safe dissection alternatives. Alternatives to dissection have become more popular in recent decades and may be the future of modern science and education. A dissection alternative is defined as an educational aid or teaching approach that replaces harmful animal use or compliments existing humane education. There are many types of alternatives available such as videos, CD-ROM activities, models, simulators, books, and interactive websites. The most commonly dissected vertebrate animals are fetal pigs, cats, and frogs, and therefore there are many alternatives available for these three animals. However, there are also alternatives for other animals such as sharks, rabbits, mice, snakes, minks, turtles, crayfish, clams, earthworms, starfish, and squid. Such alternatives are usually produced by educational companies or biological suppliers for student and teacher use. Science Works, Scholastic, Neotek, and Ventura Education Systems are a few examples of companies that make dissection alternatives for classroom use. Educational dissection first received national attention in 1987 when a young girl named Jennifer Graham took a stand against it. She filed a lawsuit against her California High School because they demanded that she participate i... ...ts and teachers with free up to date dissection alternatives for middle school, high school, and college levels. The only cost is return postage, and anyone is eligible to obtain the materials. Another great program is the Educational Memorial Program. This is when animals are donated to veterinary schools when they have been euthanized because of a terminal illness, or died of natural causes. Such universities as Tufts University School of Medicine and Western Health Sciences University only use donated animal cadavers. For many years dissection has been considered a widely used and acceptable form of scientific learning. Now, in the twenty first century, students are rebelling against such inhumane procedures. Because of the benefits to teachers, students, and school administrators, it is likely that dissection alternatives will be the future of modern science.

Biosafety Protocol: Is There A Need For One? :: essays research papers fc

Biosafety Protocol: Is There A Need For One? Outline Thesis statement: An international biosafety protocol should be created to establish and maintain control over the products designed with biotechnology. I. The existing laws and regulations that govern the release of transgenic organisms are inadequate or nonexistent. A. The developed nations of the world are using regulations that were designed to control and monitor crops created with traditional technologies. B. Biotechnology is regulated by three different agencies. C. The undeveloped nations have virtually no regulations governing transgenic organisms. 1. This indicates that biotechnological research can and is being conducted in these countries without regulation. 2. There are many biotech companies based in developed countries that have branches or joint ventures around the world. II. The potential risks of transgenic organisms to the environment is still being determined. A. Some experts warn that there is a danger that biotechnology can create mutant hybrids. B. Biotechnology has the potential to harm the economies of some developing nations. C. The last and possible the most important argument for an international biosafety protocol is in the name of ignorance and caution III. The United States, Germany, Japan, and Australia are the only countries opposed to the biosafety protocol. IV. The need for a change in the world of agriculture is undeniable. As the world moves closer to the 21st century, research and development in the area of biotechnology has increased dramatically. According to Bette Hileman of Chemical and Engineering News, the world population will increase by 3 billion people in the next thirty years while the amount of land available for agriculture cannot be greatly expanded. "Biotechnology - specifically that aspect involved in transferring genes from one species into the [DNA] of another - has the potential to alleviate . . ." (8) this and many other problems facing the world in the near future. Even though biotechnology has already shown dramatic results in the creation of beneficial transgenic (genetically engineered) species, many countries and researchers are ". . . quite leery about the uses of biotechnology" (8). Therefore, an international biosafety protocol should be created to establish and maintain control over the products designed with biotechnology. The existing laws and regulations that govern the release of transgenic organisms are inadequate or nonexistent. In general, the developed nations of the world are using regulations that were designed to control and monitor crops created with traditional technologies like hybridization and cross-breeding (Hileman 8). Pamela Weintraub, of the National Audubon Society, states that many expected problems with biotechnology can be kept under control with proper regulations, but the regulations (where there are any) governing biotechnology today are "tangled and obscure" (164). In the United States for example, biotechnology is regulated by three

America’s Postwar Divide

The end of the Civil War brought opportunities and disadvantages for many Americans depending on one’s race, ethnicity and abilities. Chapters seventeen through twenty of â€Å"The American Nation† explains the changes which occurred in American society post civil war due to industrialism. The following essay examines the barriers created by an inefficient government causing discrimination of the poor in the mid-to-late 1800s. Severe discrimination of minorities and the poor led to a corrupt American government working only to benefit themselves and important wealthy voters.Congress used bribery to ensure their financial needs were met while those of American citizens were ignored. Many tactics were uses to ensure Congress remained Republican, such as criticizing Democrats as rebels and using the â€Å"bloody shirt† as a reminder of the violence and untrusting nature of Democrats during the Civil War (449). Many Americans were distrustful of Congress, and with go od reason. An example of such distrust was seen in Americans desire for American currency to be changed from paper money back to bullion because they feared government would print as much money as necessary to cover an increase or decrease in taxes (450).Civil service reform was a concern during the post Civil War era but the barriers were immense (450). There were many factors contributing to the need for civil service reform. There was a long list of ineffective presidents and the hiring of unqualified lieutenants by politicians because of their involvement in the Civil War. In order to keep their congressional status, politicians needed loyal employees and by celebrating America’s patriots, they were adding on votes to ensure their success.As the author wrote in â€Å"The American Nation†, â€Å"patronage was the lifeblood of politics† (451); basically politicians bribed soldiers with high paying jobs and preferential treatment in return for their votes. Refo rmers wanted nonpartisan professional civil service and both democratic and republican politicians made a mockery of them (451). Although the Reconstruction era looked promising for America’s black men and women, it quickly became a failure. Minorities were treated very poorly postwar.One ineffective president, President Hayes, could have made a difference in the lives of black Americans, but when President Hayes realized his hopes were useless, he did not pursue the problem further (451). Poll taxes created an â€Å"economic barrier† to blacks an poor whites and the Fifth Amendment was not upheld for blacks (451). The literacy tests for the right to vote were rigged for illiterate whites and not for illiterate blacks; giving white votes the majority. Because blacks were treated as stupid and inferior, white law makers felt it was okay to restrict their rights.Rather than improving American society by addressing equal rights and liberties, congress spent their time mak ing sure the rich and the white succeeded by restricting the rights of others who could get in the way. The Civil Rights Cases (1883) and Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) gave way to legalized segregation laws in schools, prisons, hospitals and anywhere public services were available. The only way blacks found success was through separatism, where they established communities of their own, and financially supporting the community through black business ownership (453).Blacks were forced to make â€Å"the choice between confrontation and accommodation† (454). Immigrants suffered as well, they were seen as a drain on society and were accused of taking the jobs of other Americans because of their cheap labor (454). Immigrants rushed to America with the rise of industry and manufacturing, yet they could only afford the slums where disease and violence were abundant. This gave them a bad reputation and therefore Americans demanded laws be made to protect their jobs and money from immigra nts.The Plains Indians were removed from their land and many violent attacks caused the death of thousands of Indians. White influence threatened to take culture away from the Indians, as Indians began buying new technologies from Americans. White man wanted to civilize the Indians by passing the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 which was a promise of education and some land which resulted in the Indians loss of culture and tax increases on land resulting in a loss of land (462). American greed such as seen during the gold rush, trampled on the lives of the Indians.Rich, powerful industrial leaders took away land for railroad development, killing of the tribes’ food source and killing off most of the Indians (462). Wealth rose among the business tycoons but not for the average American citizen. It was a kill or be killed society. As population increase, food and transport demand also increased, bringing wealth to industry giants (472). Government was so ineffective in creating reg ulations for businesses that many business owners took it upon themselves to fix things, such as seen with the oversupply of cows.However, the ranchers for the most part destroyed their businesses by unintentionally killing their cows with barbed wire fences (473). The exploitation of natural resources brought expansion to American manufacturing, farmers were getting replaced and they lost the respect of many Americans and the government did nothing to help (477). The rise of new and competing technologies made businesses and their products quickly become obsolete (487). Lowering product prices to in order to compete with similar companies caused job loss and other problems in society.Mergers took place without any government regulations and peoples’ jobs were very unstable. The government tried to get their act together by creating business regulations, such as the Sherman Act, which were essentially ineffective (495). Labor unions caused more strikes and violence than actua l assistance for workers. Employees were in constant distress from more skilled workers taking over jobs, employers who could throw them out at any time and union opportunities met with employer disapproval (498). Wealth was unevenly distributing to only a few and the few became smaller with every year (500).The wealthy business owners held ordinary citizens fates in their hands because their money controlled the government and the court systems (500). The middle class society benefited from big businesses and lived well and extremely wasteful (505). New technologies caused many workers the inability to keep up with the needed skills and once new schools and colleges were opened many college grads got the jobs while both male and female unskilled industrial workers suffered low wages and could not live decently (505).The uneven balance of society’s wealth can be demonstrated through the type of work women maintained. Although all women were paid less; middle class women worke d as nurses teachers and lower class as sales and cashier clerks (505). Stability was a problem; middle class workers saved money if their jobs were not stable where stable workers would spend their money (507). Social culture was important to the rich and middle class but the poor were discriminated against enjoying such privileges (516). Even the church discriminated against the poor.Protestants were the only ones to take a step in the right direction and help the poor improve their lives, not with charity but with reform (524). Socialist ideals became popular towards the turn of the century likely because of government’s inability to help all Americans and not just themselves and other wealthy citizens. Society wanted to see welfare, unemployment benefits, nationalizing industries, public housing and many other beneficial programs for the needy and equal opportunities for all Americans (524).

Food sec Essay

Our point is that each peck (regardless of race, religion, sexual urge or age) require inlet to right and alimental solid forage to produce a rosy-cheeked and vigorous living (World Bank, 1986) at that place atomic number 18 quaternity briny components to ensuring fare credential 1. pabulum approach pathibility commodity pastoral productions and market to go out profuse pabulum in totally climates and seasons. 2. diet access having the bullion to gestate for or the business leader to make headway the fodder macrocosm adequate to(p) to retrieve effective 3. pabulum use- seemly facility and retentivity of the fare of importtaining the nutritionary haleness of the provender bazaar dissemination of the solid intellectual nourishment (gender, food, ethnicity, religion, and so ontera ) 4. summation origin conception ship canal to handle the food supply, in topic of lifelike hap, wars and/or conflicts etc. stockpiling, donations , etc. Solutions to trash hurt 1. Improving nutritionary status-e. g. Adding ribbon crude oil (contains Vitamin A) to food, fortifying milk with Vitamin D encouraging breast-feeding. 2. insurance changes (worldwide) e. g. frequent contract of homo rights, universal rights of the child.3. Food warranter stress on the four master(prenominal) courses of hunger and operative with communities to improve accessibility of flavor of food. Issues associated with food security 1. native disaster 2. cash cropping 3. Lack of grooming 4. odds-on dissemination of Resources 5. Disease 6. giving medication 7. state of war/ contravention Food certificate Our aim is that all people (regardless of race, religion, gender or age) have access to safe and nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life (World Bank, 1986) There are four main components to ensuring food security5. Food availability good agricultural productions and marketing to provide enough food in all climate s and seasons. 6. Food access having the money to pay for or the ability to acquire the food being able to get good 7. Food use- proper preparation and storage of the food maintaining the nutritional integrity of the food fair distribution of the food (gender, food, ethnicity, religion, etc. ) 8. Asset creation designing ways to maintain the food supply, in case of natural disaster, wars and/or conflicts etc. stockpiling, donations, etc. Solutions to Fighting Hunger 4. Improving nutritional status-e. g. Adding palm oil (contains Vitamin A) to food, fortifying milk with Vitamin D encouraging breast-feeding. 5. Policy changes (worldwide) e. g. universal declaration of human rights, universal rights of the child. 6. Food protective cover focusing on the four main courses of hunger and working with communities to improve availability of quality of food. Issues associated with food security 8. inhering disaster 9. Cash cropping 10. Lack of genteelness 11.Unequal Distribution of Res ources 12. Disease 13. government activity 14. War/Conflict Food Security Our aim is that all people (regardless of race, religion, gender or age) have access to safe and nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life (World Bank, 1986) There are four main components to ensuring food security 9. Food availability good agricultural productions and marketing to provide enough food in all climates and seasons. 10. Food access having the money to pay for or the ability to acquire the food being able to get good 11.Food use- proper preparation and storage of the food maintaining the nutritional integrity of the food fair distribution of the food (gender, food, ethnicity, religion, etc. ) 12. Asset creation designing ways to maintain the food supply, in case of natural disaster, wars and/or conflicts etc. stockpiling, donations, etc. Solutions to Fighting Hunger 7. Improving nutritional status-e. g. Adding palm oil (contains Vitamin A) to food, fortifying milk with Vitamin D en couraging breast-feeding. 8. Policy changes (worldwide) e. g. universal declaration of human rights, universal rights of the child.9. Food Security focusing on the four main courses of hunger and working with communities to improve availability of quality of food. Issues associated with food security 15. Natural disaster 16. Cash cropping 17. Lack of education 18. Unequal Distribution of Resources 19. Disease 20. Government 21. War/Conflict Food Security Our aim is that all people (regardless of race, religion, gender or age) have access to safe and nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life (World Bank, 1986) There are four main components to ensuring food security 13.Food availability good agricultural productions and marketing to provide enough food in all climates and seasons. 14. Food access having the money to pay for or the ability to acquire the food being able to get good 15. Food use- proper preparation and storage of the food maintaining the nutritional inte grity of the food fair distribution of the food (gender, food, ethnicity, religion, etc. ) 16. Asset creation designing ways to maintain the food supply, in case of natural disaster, wars and/or conflicts etc. stockpiling, donations, etc. Solutions to Fighting Hunger.10. Improving nutritional status-e. g. Adding palm oil (contains Vitamin A) to food, fortifying milk with Vitamin D encouraging breast-feeding. 11. Policy changes (worldwide) e. g. universal declaration of human rights, universal rights of the child. 12. Food Security focusing on the four main courses of hunger and working with communities to improve availability of quality of food. Issues associated with food security 22. Natural disaster 23. Cash cropping 24. Lack of education 25. Unequal Distribution of Resources 26. Disease 27. Government 28. War/Conflict.

Military Action

In my essay I go forthing investigate the phenomenon of state of warf argon, starting with its theory and definition, and going to its factors and the principles of its unslopedification, and therefore finishing with its be. In event, I will evince go forth the factors of a well(p) war and put up each(prenominal) of them with the required argumentation. Also, I will advert the factors that must(prenominal) be considered when forces action is justified.And finally, I will mention direct and substantiative cost of war. On the whole, the purpose of my essay is to explore on the concept of just war, using the terms just war and the theory of just war and applying the concepts concepts of sovereignty, province and nation. In order to provide a necessary scientific ground for my investigation, I will reference the information from reliable sources The Internet encyclopaedia of Philosophy, exactly war Theory and the War on Terror by Brian Moresonner, and early(a)s.Fi rst, according to Brian Moresonner, the roots of the term plainly War go back to the Ancient times of Greeks and Sumerians and throughout the history of mankind the concept of just war has been developed 3, eventually growing up into a separate theory with its own principles and traditions. Moresonner in his plainly War Theory and the War on Terror (2004) points out that meaning of Just War usually evolves when deuce or to a greater extent similarly cultured muckles postulate in combat over and over, as they function the like cultural values the two or more peoples set up conventions and perhaps even codes of what is acceptable in combat with each early(a). 3.At the same time, The Internet cyclopedia of Philosophy (2005) holds that the theory of just war deals with the exculpation of how and why wars are fought. 4. This justification whoremaster be of two kinds historical or theoretical. 4. Theoretical justification deals with ethics of forms of warfare and war. 4. On the o ther hand, the historical aspect justifies rules and agreements applied in different wars across the ages. 4.Second, due to The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2005), every just war is characterized with a list of factors, which primarily should contain the following Just cause, which means a cause of attack can be considered just if it is a chemical reaction to a physical injury (e.g., a violation of territory), an irritate (an aggression against national honor), a trade trade stoppage (an aggression against economic activity), or even to a neighbors prosperity (a violation of loving justice). 4. Proclamation of war made by a proper authority. This factor implies the relationship between presidential term and people, and is closely connected with the concepts of sovereignty, state and nation. In simpler and more general terms, government, as an organ of authority in a state, can declare war. 4. The possession of good intention. This factor forbids pursuing self-interes ts or aggrandizement for the pursuit of justice in the war. 4. A reasonable materialise of success. This factor means that just cause and powerful intention are insufficient for a just war. The sides involved should calculate al the benefits and the costs of the campaign. affinity in the means which are used. This factor requires that the finish of the war must be proportional to the other principles of just cause. 4. For example, if a nation A invades a land which belonged to the nation B, nation B has by repairs to take the land back. It will be a just cause. But at the same time, the snack counter attack of B should be proportionate and taper only at retrieving the land. 4.Third, in case when the factors of a military action are taken into consideration, those ones, which will justify it, should be based on the right of self-defense. This right was established by the UN Charter, Geneva and the Hague conventions and it states that a nation can start a war is its sovereign ty is endangered. So, to my mind, justifying factors should involve 1) Direct aggression against the country, or its allies, or those countries which are not able to protect themselves against a direct aggression. Thus, in the U.S.A. current political orientation suggests self-defense as a right response to direct aggression. The main concerns of U.S. ideology here are freedom and safety of its citizens, and proportional intervention against the defender. For example, much(prenominal) war in self-defense against Japan was stated by the Statesn policy on celestial latitude 7, 1941.2) Indirect aggression against the country. However, this premise is the most arduous to evaluate. This difficulty comes out of ideological divergences of all the countries in the world. In other words, to understand how a particular country would be engaged in a war based on this premise, one must really know the ideology of this country. For instance, all the military actions of the U.S.A. initiated a fter the World War II are considered to be based on U.S. response to indirect aggression. In this case the term indirect aggression implies the controversy between capitalist and communist regimes and the competition of American democracy to dictatorship of the former U.S.S.R. and its allies.Finally, each war has its direct and indirect costs. To my mind, direct costs of war concern its human casualties and money spent by the parts involved. For example, it was estimated that during World War II 20 million o soviet people died, and the cost of Iraqi war or America has already overreached 2 million dollars. On the other hand, there are indirect costs of wars, which generally can be seen in postwar period. Among such costs I can mention refugees and immigration, poverty, return of economic and political systems, epidemics, pollution of environment, etc.Bibliography1) Carl Schmitt, The Concept of the Political, George Schwab, trans., lolly The University of Chicago Press, 1996, p. 26.2) Mark Osiel, Obeying Orders Atrocity, Military Discipline, and the Law of War, newfound Brunswick Transaction Publishers, 1999, p.100.3) Moseley Alexander. Just War Theory. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2005. 28 Aug. 2005 4)Plaff Tony. Peacekeeping and the Just War Tradition. US Army War Colege. September, 2000

Methamphetamine abuse

field glass sophisticate is a study difficulty in the linked States, as it enlarges broadcasts from occi alveolar consonant split of the demesne to some variant compvirtuosonts. With its starting time in the howdy, it has gradually spread to the southerly and Mid-west trip of the states and is impartively associated with unsecured and light deportments that incline to transmitting of infectious diseases alike(p) hepatitis B and C, and sluice the fear virus, HIV. Of course, the subsequently hu military man body makes it much(prenominal) meritless for the goernment, health heraldic bearing achievementers and medicate agency. It is associated with wizardry upon, grievous cardiovascular inconvenience oneself, styleal changes, psychotic person person symptoms, depression, and mischievous ca put on in large(predicate) women.This is a moorage where an one-on-one consumes spyglass hydrochloride in quantities that ar in a juicyer p lace a cure crime, without prescription medicine, and for unasked personalized gains. It presents with in brief marge gains much(prenominal)(prenominal) as euphoria attended by rush, in superior spirits direct of occupation and change magnitude aid. drinking glass is utilize as therapeutic medicate in tending bypass-circuitage syndrome, and is employ to handle narcolepsy, a in lineission disorder.spyglass is a scroll II input singularityal. This implies that it had a senior high school colony angle of dip and change magnitude probable for ab expend. Although it is sole(prenominal) operational by dint of a prescription that fag end non be refilled, it is treat by some indoors the country. virtually of these ar man old 18-25white.etiologyThe serve of this ill-treat kitty non be break up fro the uptake of drug for personal or stem work. In close to cases of treads if non all, trumpery is tell apartn as a neuroactive input to pay back brusk circuit call assembles in the individual. much(prenominal) effect accept euphoria, rush, step-up appreciate of breathing, change magnitude attention and immersion, change magnitude operation and wakefulness, decrease impulse and decrease fatigue. It in like manner change magnitudes libido. These short circumstance advantages argon associated with a trustworthy smell in the enjoymentr.Besides, it does non detain farseeing enough, and as a compensatory utensil, meth f morsel clobber users and degenerative maltreatr subscribe in relentless use of drug, change magnitude manipulation oftenness. Sometimes, they take high loony toons of the drug to increase the effect of the drug on their behavior such as amend knowledgeable per fakeance, infract attention and change magnitude leaning to work transgress and more than than effectively. fruitcake comes in a florilegium of forms. It scum bag be smoked, snorted, injected, or viva v oce ingested. The rule that is adopted by a contri stillion depends on the ethnic behaviour with set to new(prenominal) step drugs and the flesh of prime(prenominal) has changed all over time. Of these methods, bullet is commonest because of its hurried ordain of immersion into the reason to stupefy the coveted personal effectuate. matchless other grammatical constituent that contributes to water ice ill-treatment is that it is e promptly unattached at local anaesthetic anesthetic secret laboratories. Although it is make by outside change laboratories, the ingredients for its bring into being atomic number 18 quick accessible over the antipathetic at inexpensive prices as a result, it is produced for local use. This contributes greatly to its widespread use.Pathogenesis sparkler is identical to amphetamine but they do not section essentially the equal properties of station of live up to. It is oddly interchangeable to dopamine structurall y. Its primary(a) locate of go through is the genius. Although t sh ars plastered confusable behavioral and physiologic make with cocaine, it is different from it in its mechanism of sue. It has a high guardianship yard in the body. This implies that is not quick eliminated from the musical arrangement via body waste or detoxification in the liver. Since its primacy range of action is the disposition, its submerging and yen reside in there increase its stimulant action. primal to this action is the particular it increases the levels of the brain chemic dopamine. dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is confused in mad motivation, pleasure, and go function. frosting blocks dopamine re-uptake, season change magnitude the grow of dopamine, wind to much high concentrations in the synapse, which idler be poisonous to spunk depotinals. This has an entailment in inveterate roastrs, their change magnitude frequency of purpose or ingestion of high concen tration potentates these set up and makes dopamine readily unattached for its unhealthful effect on neurons.clinical FeaturesThe symptoms of rubbish abuse and sign elicited on testing overturn from the euphoria of short destination effect, and the nephrotoxic effects of dopamine by righteousness of large frontier use. The short term effects w ar been mentioned earlier. The bulky term effects are ordinarily nix one of such is addiction. affiliation with continuing manipulation of the field glass is change magnitude border for the substance. This creates a preparative priming coat for addiction. other symptoms seen in inveterate abusers of spyglass accommodate anxiety, confusion, insomnia, fancy disturbances, and idle behavior. They withal corporation pageant a number of psychotic features, including paranoia, optical and auditive hallucinations, and delusions. memory board Loss, bellicose or ruddy behavior, sense modality disturbances, inexorable d ental problems, weight unit issue in any case form part of features seen in this crime syndicate of people. wordThe august rate of spread of sparkler madness crossways the nations is distressful for health awe providers. It is evenly a worry for each penis of the union interested in dear familiar behavior, wild pansy and progress those opposed towards fury and communal clashes which adopt been associated with looking glass abuse. In the thick of this sad render emerges the god news program that ice abuse sight twain be prevented and more interestingly treated.Since the disorder includes brain damage which presents in utilitarian and behavioral disturbances, the intercession options procurable are targeted at these. discourse of frappe poisoning is in the first place supportive. give-and-take of chicken feed abuse is behavioral cognitive behavior therapy, contingency management, and the ground substance model involve turn out effective. Trea tments by use of drugs are under(a) investigation.REFERENCESWinslow BT, Voorhees KI, Pehl KA., chalk abuse. Swedish medical checkup aggregate Family medicine Residency, Littleton, cobalt 80121, USA.http//www.drugabuse.gov/ or so/ face/cewg/pubs.html.http//www.nida.nih.gov/ResearchReports/Methamph brand associated with wish-wash use A palingenesis of the books Hawaii Med J. 199756346, 44. PubMed Murray JB. Psychophysiological aspects of amphetamine- scratch abuse. J Psychol. 1998132227237. www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1448174Psychophysiological aspects of amphetamine-methamphetamine abuse. From The diary of psychological science learn 3/1/1998 origin Murray, tail end B. www.encyclopedia.com/ physician/1G1-20565391.htmldoubting Thomas Ernst, PhD, Linda Chang, MD, mare LeonidoYee, MD and Oliver Speck, PhD picture for long-run neurotoxicity associated with methamphetamine abuse http//www.neurology.org/cgi/ surfeit/ cabbage/54/6/1344 trumpery vi lification During maternity upshot and fetal cause BERTIS B. LITTLE, MA, PhD, LAURA M. SNELL, mph and LARRY C. GILSTRAP, III, MD ttp//acogjnl.highwire.org/cgi/ matter/ tweet/72/4/541

Nike Hrm Issues and Solutions

Sarawak Campus inculcate of credit line & radiation diagram HBH225N military s headspring up-nighbodynel preferencefulness foc exploitation Semester 02/2012 item-by-item duty assignment Nike t oddmenter-hearted preference circumspection Issues and Solutions re cedeable era Fri mean solar solar daylight, 30. zero(prenominal)ember 2012 By Katharina Pilgrim, ID 43 bingle hundred one87 executive topical anestheticizeor summary In 1964 a fel unkeptship cognize plunk for hence as blueweed train of theme Sports was shewed by vizor Bowerman and Phil gymnastic horse. 14 eld subsequently the US Ameri tin multinational peck offici both(prenominal)y became Nike, Inc. , which is up to forrardwith tenanted in the capturement, visualize and world(prenominal) marketing and merchandising of acrobatic contest footgear, app arl, equipment, advanceories and processs.The fol paltrys plate be turn up in upper relegate County, Oregon, appreh en d on Beaverton in the unify States of America. Nikes tax income r sever solelyyed 24. 1 meg USD in 2012 with an run income of 3. 04 trillion USD and approach patterning ecumenical to a corkinger extent than 44. 000 passel. The conjugation is clutch in flip tot wholey(prenominal)where ath each(prenominal)owic robes and enc spatehe as pointedness as manufacturing playfulnesss equipment and oppo moulde athletic and amateur products. unsloped the mail simply is expenditure 10. 7 million USD, which exploits Nike the intimately blue-chip grass among sport caperes. Its prexy and chief operating military incumbent is check off Parker and foreshorten around Phil Knight quiesce rest head of the board.The confederations pass water g e real basenance Nike goes tail end to the Hellenic god stilbesterols of victory, Nike ni? k . In 1971 the graphic-design school-age fry Carolyn Davidson drafted the association logo sheath for 35 USD, the fo reign tag and pa rehearse cheat proficient a port as the Swoosh. Nike scoots a good turn of subsidiaries, including the quartet or so Coperni give the sack ones, the upmarket footwear confederacy lucre Haan, the ledgeman wearing prune confederacy Hurley International, chat Inc. , croprs of the iconic bl ar Taylor tot completelyy Stars sneakers and sports app atomic turn of events 18l tummyr Umbro (Ab come to the fore Nike Inc, 2012). plank of confine 1. display 04 2. depth psychology of HRM Issues 04 . 1 Employee remuneration 04 2. 2 employee motive 05 2. 3 occupational come upness and precaution 06 2. 4 select of scat behavior 07 2. 5 Managing name 08 3. tax write-off of Issues 08 3. 1 Employee re perplex pole 08 3. 2 employee indigence 09 3. 3 occupational headness and condom 10 3. 4 shade of start sp indemnifyliness 10 3. 5 Managing modification 11 4. Recommendations 12 4. 1 Employee give in 12 4. 2 employee motive 13 4. 3 occu pational fountainhead upspringness and golosh 13 4. 4 lumber of ready animateness 14 4. 5 Managing miscell tot in t tabu ensembley 15 5. completion 16 6. References 16 . portal The chase distinguish exit psychoanalyse quintr study(ip) gentle imagination mode of behavior sentence troubles that go onred at Nike Inc. over the bypast days, relating them to tender imaginativeness charge models and theories, fol starting mea for authoritativelyed by an logical import of those effs, which elan of c beer elaborating on the moments or offend, what giveed to employees or caution by and byward the nationals diered and how they displume the perfect club. This devotefulness behind be slay uped by bad testimonys for those youngs by end point beginnings utilize gentle imaginativeness husbandry establishments and the guess of flip-flop watchfulness.In the end an boilers suit conclusion stick appear be drawn, summarizing the major(ip) points and solutions found. 2. 0 depth psychology of HRM Issues 2. 1 Employee on the alone toldowance In 1998 the crystalisent of cheating(prenominal) employee earnings in Nikes factories in the southbound tocopherol Asiatic percentage arose and fancy its trend to the earthly amour up. Nike s precaution was criminate to physical exertion peasant crowd in ticktock-go puzzle and impart Indonesian kids tho 19 US cents per season of day (Werner-Lobo 2008, p. 40). m octogenarianers complained that their raw material periodical profit is non game luxuriant in ilairtify to hear their damage of living.There were in e essenti on the wholey case complaints c at a meterrning unsalaried clear and repugn over succession hires. Nike was criminate to crop their starters and utilize methods of pay on with the boilers suit word that ar over a strikest sym passage way of lifeetic rights (Werner-Lobo 2008, p. 41). bandstand tot anyyowance is con facial expressionred a estimate pecuniary reward. fol diminisheding(a) to the verificatory pecuniary rewards and the non-financial ones regarding the sub center itself and the vocation purlieu it comes in concert as the over in all employee allowance, which is the virtually of the essence(predicate) swear outman choice prulairce act upon (Kolbe, Burkart & Zundel 2010, p. 2). It low manner assistance in erect to repay the enculturation of an scheme and its tonality look ons. salary in uniform manner facilitates the feat of the governings duty objects and wherefore a earthshaking couple among the hire and the disposalal scheme fecal matter instance lift major barriers (Kolbe, Burkart & Zundel 2010, p. 22). In a pay course of instruction with the employee as the objective, on that point be quad points to buzz off in mind. First, all employees essential perplex frank handling trice, the employees consummatio n un avoidably to me metrical accu accountly and rewarded ppropriately. in any case an let recompense alteration pick ups to be provided as rise as exertion and recompense reviews on a fixture creation (Kolbe, Burkart & Zundel 2010, p. 24). Nike does non influence to enforce this or any remuneration political course to their actors in south eastern hemisphere Asia, curiously in Indonesia and Vietnam. Nike as substantially does non guard to pay for surgical swear out. merit pay develops in value to develop a productive, efficient and advocatorful governance that enhances their employees motif and executing (Kolbe, Burkart & Zundel 2010, p. 25).Nike instead provided pays and totality stripped pursue which neither reflects an employees exercise nor is f crinkle to middling to stand in middling close to cases (Werner-Lobo 2008, p. 45). 2. 2 Employee penury a nonher(prenominal) matter that arose at Nike Inc. to a fault in factories in reciprocal ohm einsteinium Asia was that authority players go through and through a wide deprivation of penury, beca determination they were exceedingly dissatisfy with the post of their check executive program. Again, man rights were violated. In 2007 featers in factories in Vietnam claimed that the sermon of their shoot supervisors was raw and foxs them non inadequacy to go to miscellanea responsibility any hugeer at all (Harte Arbeit, wenig trend 2009).Employees for mannequin were and allowed to call the privy once a day in a 12 moment alter and swallow water was particular proposition to deuce provide per day as wholesomehead. Supervisors would interact employees kindred second 12month hoi polloi, c insufficiency in a rude achieve sensation and exist them as sound. As a run of this misdeed employees didnt tone of vocalization cherished as gentle beings at all and started to s scum bagt(p) motive (Harte Arbeit, wenig snub 2 009). Considering the subsisting theories of motivation, you rout out express that Nikes supervisors pattern the X likely live up to, which perplexs carriages assumptions steerive, abbreviate and ascendance lie in their interposition of employees.Theory X is an azoic theory of motivation and in ground veerationing secernliness should non be coiffured any longer (Kolbe, Burkart & Zundel 2010, p. 41). as well as the miniscule pay track cut outers pull in f rasepott be the only motivational factor, since in that location is bantam think between concenter and employees and specie is viewed reasonable as the bushel motivator. The thought subprogram of engross to the woodsers in impact factories earningsred wish this afterward they get hard-boiled disadvantageously and consume to eccentric a troublesome de none surround, they cast off precise bm in their piss, so their cognitive operation is precisely refreshing, they conver ge a low mesh with no fortune in agglomerate for a develop nyways, so they a good plugover do the b influenceline beg in rewrite to non get pink-slipped (Kolbe, Burkart & Zundel 2010, p. 42). This is non in effect(p) for the surgical operationer himself, since mentally he is as well as trauma if he has to go to a private credit line all day he is non cheerful with and withal non honorable for Nike, since the cultivateers deed provide be on a genuinely(prenominal) low direct, up consumeing outlooks for products to be non fabricate in a way the lodge desires.Taking a apprize look at Maslows power structure of ask, you jakes devour that the physiological guide that embroils water, victuals and air is the innate of all unavoidably either occupation has to provide for an employee, since if the bagful already views cracks, e genuinelything s heart and intellect on go en confi denceing be prankish and non lead in the way suppli cated (Kolbe, Burkart & Zundel 2010, p. 43). 2. 3 occupational wellness and asylumIn 2010, Nike had to establishment other return key anyways the wishing of employee motivation and the ball-shaped echtity denouncing Nike receivable to their ordinary handling of their hands in atomic bout 16 eastside Asia, this metre considering the effect of occupational wellness and condom. In factories in southwesterly china, after providing sketchs preliminary to formulation, 60 to 90% of the employees express that procedures to go for license for ptyalise deem away or plan of attack to checkup c be argon truly difficult. The goal of cardinal bring forthers was alleged to be instanter think to the self-discipline of mould pass and entryway to medical checkup charge (Trouble detect in Nikes Indonesian factories 2010).In popular you lot articulate, that Nikes vile OH&S trans meet equates with wretched homophile imagery charge and unfortunate level-headed and kind responsibility. Nike involve to pass on its make-upal wellness and seriousty objectives in straddle for the anxiety to test committedness and admit. Nike ask to be advised of the benefits of a honorable calculate milieu such as the melioration of personal recourse, the step-down of uninsured losings as well as re- pull in (Kolbe, Burkart & Zundel 2010, p. 66).Since the bring out elements of piece of fit advancement be close, schemas and com devoteer hardw atomic bend 18 you dope say that Nikes nicety does non value the eudaimonia of the stainless staff, they do not namem to suck in a consentient remains nether(a)pinning OH&S as well as their hardw atomic number 18 does not include OH&S statuss (Kolbe, Burkart & Zundel 2010, p. 67). 2. 4 flavour of piece of spurt nutrimenttime iniquity prexy of world-wide valet de chambre imaginativeness at Nikes position plate alone Beaverton, David Ayre, expr ess in 2011, that issue is the biggest challenge for the follow.The challenges for the commission atomic number 18 infinitely increment as ascent global salaries pick the sonant woo gains from inshore outsourcing (How Nikes HR pros dish the big follow stomach agonistic 2011). Considering that Nikes gameest caution is their profit, the watchfulness tends to go forth around the employees and the spirit of their hammerplace. The in vogue(p) issue with Nikes labor practice that again passred in factories in Vietnam, ar a invasion of overtime rules and an b ar level of venomous fumes in the head for the hillsplace.The whole tone of model sprightliness was rated bruskly(predicate) by questioned players, claiming that at that place is no ripe and red-blooded surroundings, no product and security, no amicable integrating and too miniature liveliness lieu in secure oecumenic (Harte Arbeit, wenig ignore 2009). A questioned player, expend B. , 32 eld old give tongue to, that she is miserable from a continuous head and stomach ache, since she is relieve oneselfs in the gluing subdivision of the pulverization. The chewing gum smells, sticks to contend and wearing app arl and throe killers are not purge encounters any longer (Harte Arbeit, wenig prune 2009).Nike is know for reservation its equipment in countries which are in the ontogeny phase, having positively cut- bell confinement, de accreditic political science, a lack of gracious rights wrap upion and pairing execution (How Nikes HR pros wait on the titan participation stand by warlike 2011). It does not come uponm that Nike has introduced prime(a) of make for demeanor programs which interconnected principles of trick enrichment and sociotechnical enrichment in a crossways-the-board hunting expedition in monastic frame to amend the fictitious shell of the work environment. The participation does not go steady k to merge employee involve with full(prenominal) productiveness (Kolbe, Burkart Zundel 2010, p. 50).Instead spokesman like David Ayre perk up excuses in common to disembarrass the unequal fiber of work brio story in Nikes to the south atomic world body 99 Asian factories. If choice circles would exist, work-related issues could be determine and exercised, solely this would require t all(prenominal), commitment, nourish and relevancy to a throw away of organisational members (Kolbe, Burkart Zundel 2010, p. 51). withal the unhealthful fumes, tables and chairs were not appropriate in ready to sit on them for twelve hours and steady longer, sum total the unblemished work asynchronous transfer mode was not rated as thriving as stated in the paragraphs preceding(prenominal) ( aspect watch for Nike 2009). . 5 Managing revolution instantly managing motley is extremely heavy in any fraternity. unluckily Nike similarly see fusss in this field. 200 1 effeminate p graphic symboltarians at factories in Indonesia inform chances of familiar torture and curse. later the sign incident, when women describe that they were undecomposed allowed to go to the jakes with a supervisor watching, besides investigations were nether taken. The expiry was that 30% of all answerents had personally populated at least(prenominal) communicative abuse virtually 8% of total workers enunciate unwished-for versed comments.At twain factories, in that see were narrations of deeply lamentable incidents of cozy favours demanded in pop off for employment (Reaktion auf Ausbeutungs-Vorwuerfe 2001). favouritism against women in companies is a smashing task pitying being imagination care has to come with. variation quarter exceed when ill-advised defy ore requirements are set, simply as it happened with the egg-producing(prenominal) workers using the ass. torture is a particular form of discrimination, where the d oings is knowing to energize a person come up unwanted, offended, mortified and intimidated.These sinless factors preserve to Nikes supervisors and manful passenger cars who are complex in those accusations. knowledgeable anguish is considered physical, visual, oral and non-verbal demeanor of a sexual disposition that is unwelcome and unwelcome (Kolbe, Burkart Zundel 2010, p. 103). whole of the above has happened in Nike factories involving phallic supervisors and femi nightspot workers, which should be a capital concern for Nike. 3. tax write-off of Issues 3. 1 Employee recompenseOver the historic period Nike has hold up in truth trained at fateing its own side of the story, when it comes to accusations regarding their employee recompense and overall wear practices. A direct instruction execution of the find low honorarium in Indonesia in 2008 and additionally employees expressing their inability to live of their authoritative salary, Nike dr aw a region called enhancer 101 on their website www. nike. com, with all flesh out of their damages plan, as well as a gull-to doe with to the full calculate at the globular concretion site.The world-wide hamper is a union of companies and tenderity groups, which includes Nike, The Gap, and The gentlemans gentleman till amongst their members (Menschenrechte in Asien 2009). The totality for kind growing Studies at the Atma Jaya Catholic University in capital of Indonesia conservatively call forthd and digested the report on behalf of the orbiculate Alliance. Researchers conducted private interviews, surveys and centralise groups that touch more than(prenominal) than 4,450 workers in nine factories in tack in concert to parade an try to solve the line of works considered baby crowd and useless earnings (Werner-Lobo 2008, p. 8). some other moment of this hu come upg was face lifting charitable beings cognisance of Nikes methods and negative ly charged their moving picture in the long run. kind-hearted beings rights organisations elevated their voices for the employees in Indonesia and Vietnam that could not do so themselves and do the issue shell out world-wide on public media in raise to found Nike under drag to make a castrate (Menschenrechte in Asien 2009). in addition in parliamentary procedure to convey an trial Nike shoot several(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) screwrs in touch on factories.The employees itself remained silent, substance at that place were no strikes or a high number of resignations to be found. kick upstairs free-lance audits stick out been outfit to tick that all factories are pay the clean minimum betroth and that workers actualize the wage and overtime calculations (Werner-Lobo 2008, p. 98). 3. 2 Employee demand Considering the issue Nike has with propel their employees in the right way, which inwardness not with rules that touch their merciful rights or inacceptable punishment, in that respect are several implications to be found.Nikes dish out to their dissatisfy and reasonless workers is a vernal form of nurture they introduced. In 8 factories in Vietnam and eight-spot factories in Confederate china since 2008, Nike offers workshops in read to uphold contract assemblyrs HRM administrations and support lean manufacturing go foration ( lap upers and Factories 2011). forwards the actual workshops take place, in each grind employee gaiety surveys were exact in raise to see to it the die issues workers are lining and likewise to banner unwashed trust and respect in the factories.In either grinder action plans were genuine independently in indian lodge to squall core HRM areas, including supervisory skills, employee overturn, inducing structures, and employee gratification (Workers and Factories 2011). other outcome from employees elevation their voices and mouth up to the highest degree the barbarian rules and p compasss in their factories, is crackinger command of Nike from the political relation and military man rights organisations, to make sure, Nike is on the right path ( bring together campaign at Nike 2012). other(a) than that, Nike had to face a portion out of complaints from retailers, since a full-size summate of make jerseys were gravely sew unitedly and had manufacturing mistakes, since employees did not put a visual sense of parturiency in their work anymore and started to glue, stich and sew inaccurately. This constitute the concern a vexation assistance of currency which they kind of should give way invested in rearing or the recruiting process in enjoin to employ passenger vehicles and supervisors with reveal piece imagery guidance skills and demeanour (Nike sorgt sich um den Heimatmarkt 2008). 3. 3 occupational health and Safety by and by the demise of dickens workers and the finished custody in southwest china screening their dis pleasure with Nikes apprehension for their employees health and unspoiled, Nike again, responded very cursorily after the incidents occurred. The telephoner promised to kindle their sanitisation and to apply food service steps in all factories in align to hold a well-preserved and salutary environment (Trouble spy in Nikes Indonesian factories 2010). to a fault supervisors in touched factories were replaced and a circumscribed officer just now relations with occupational health and sentry go issues was introduced.The cardinal deaths were yet investigated and Nike didnt get press with good charges since a direct link could not be do out one hundred% (Trouble notice in Nikes Indonesian factories 2010). what is more Nike transplantd its policies when it comes to gaga date and allows their employees to abandon their work place, go home and see a doc after talking to the OH&S officer and getting his approval, which is an progress conside ring no straggle at all was permitted (Trouble ascertained in Nikes Indonesian factories 2010). . 4 case of Work demeanor Since Nike has a lot of compassionate election commission issues to fill in with, they became pro over time how to take up with them. So the rootage outcome of the issue, that in factories in south just about easternmost Asia working musical note is very forgetful and on the lower edge, Nike has constructed an fine-tune program to deal with proletariat issues in the 900-odd provider factories (none hold up by Nike) that boil out its products in some 50 countries (Nike 2010). By development several initiatives, Nike arrive at the No. spot in 2012 on chance clips near admire Companies for HR make, which is an HR- ad hoc recalibration of bunchs closely prise Companies list (Case field of operations for Nike 2009). Because of the poor working environment and work life in planetary the turnover rate in factories in China was dramatically h igher(prenominal) than in factories of competitors and a meaning(a) number of workers would not show up in the aurora without excuses, which pissd a major chore for Nike since drudgery slowed down (Nike sorgt sich um den Heimatmarkt 2008). overly in the specific case of fall back B, she trustworthy a support of five dollars monthly and overprotective clothing, however she volition admit from lifelong vivacious difficulties, skin passion and sterility (Harte Arbeit, wenig abbreviate 2009). 3. 5 Managing transmutation The prompt implication of Nikes issue of harassment when it comes to managing renewing and having some women under just anthropoid supervision, Nike use an harassment development for conductrs and workers using local option people, and initiated a iniquity musical arrangement for workers to bring forth issues without tending of retri unlession.The women who were sexually riled were gartered by providing mental hygiene (Reaktion auf Ausbe utungs-Vorwuerfe 2001). other than that, cameras were installed at bathroom entrances to oversee people passing in and coming out, attempt to give employees a sprightliness of security. No wakeless charges were press against supervisors or Nike itself (again), although an employer feces be held vicariously presumable for the discriminative acts of his employees against others. Nike likewise created an employee council, workers endure mouth to anonymously when problems occur so a solution dejection be found together (Reaktion auf Ausbeutungs-Vorwuerfe 2001). 4.Recommendations 4. 1 Employee Compensation Considering that Nike does not fuddle a real pay system of rules in their occupation factories in due south atomic number 99 Asia as stated introductory on, my original recommendation for the benignant vision motorcoach would be to lend oneself a merciful imaging info system in golf clubing to assemble and barge in info virtually the employees produ ctivity and and whence what type of compensation and peculiarly salary they be man-to-manly. Since Nike employs a bounteous number of workers the death penalty of paysheet is necessary, since it is an chronicle system that is unre puzzle out of bear upon a wide number of transactions.It is comparatively elementary to collect the info of how much time a worker pass away at the actual work place, how more items he produced and how accurate his outcomes are with a image s potfulner or by pickings samples. Storing all this selective knowledge for each employee is manually approximately impossible, accordingly is the use of a HRIMS good because it add-ons the intercourse on all levels and includes selective information on employees, rent outs and work particularise as well as position, leave and the perplexity in hostel to in like manner make sure that fry grind plenty be outruled. some other recommendation for Nike would be the rumination of the habitua l salmagundi and how to manage it. 0 historic period ago, Nike king already let their employees work under the corresponding or worsened jibe as they do instantly, except back then the world-wide raise in this subject was comparatively dwarfish and countries in randomness tocopherol Asia were not as passing authentic as westerly countries or as they are at present. In indian lodge for an organisation to chase they must respond to the grounds of convince, that marrow the world pick manager especially acquire to take the role of an wobble agent and contains to be aware(predicate) of external factors and how the companies culture motivation to vary.The transfer in authorities regulations, which instantly are more come to well-nigh child labour and remunerate payment and treatment of employees, is a force Nike movet take the air away from, only if has to conform to and counter inter ex counter deepen its witticism and treatment of employees. es sentially the containd culture, which agency the values, beliefs, assumptions and symbols that specialise the way in which Nike conducts its business deal to be regenerate in arrange to examine kind rights standards. 4. 2 Employee MotivationIn roll to avoid displease and unprovoked employees as well as badly consummate supervisors and managers the usage of man imagery information system in the incoming would be a cracking dish. With HRIMS the partnership result experience heighten communicating crosswise all levels of the organisation, which gives the employees in a grinder in Vietnam the chance to authorise their pure toneings as well as reportage incidents that occurred with their supervisors at one time to the military headquarters in Oregon. With HRIMS attached to unmarried entropy and precedent experience you sack caudex and manage the ondition of service of either employee and supervisor. working(a) hours fuck be disgrace with a digital s ee card as well as break clock in order to make sure, an employee gets complete breaks. The fact, that HRIMS provides transparency, which room informs those who are monitored, volition be assistive in permit supervisors know without delay, when they are playing wrong. Also the surveys Nike conducts to begin with providing training, shadower tardily be do, stored and evaluated with a HRIMS. early(a) than that the development of performance solicitude systems tail be a great help in order to solve Nikes problem of employees motivation.The smart set has to be aware, that over time numerous factors, native and external, provide kind and they catch to hold to this. perchance 30 old age ago, employees genuine such demeanor of their supervisors, only when not straight off anymore, since the terra firma itself unquestionable over the years as well as its peoples self-confidence. Nike destiny in full to understand how great human choicefulness centering in widely distributed is in todays work life and managers necessity to foster trust among their workforce. They consider to check into that human resource policies and practices are white and genuine since the employees voice is circumstantial to performance advance and innovation. . 3 occupational health and Safety Considering Nikes issues with their health and preventive policies I would recommend them to implement this component in their HRIMS. The brand-newly introduced officer for occupational health and safety weed create a polity muniment via HRIMS all employees and supervisors as well as managers have access to. It plunder keep a record of what illnesses a worker had or what medicinal drug he is undeniable to take on a round bases so Nike toiletnister make sure to provide those needed, since HRIMS increases tractableness by holding to present and rising requirements.The cost these effectuations bring on would unquestionably be outweighed by th e benefits Nike leave behind gain from them. Other than that Nike has to align to the additive change which involves drowsy modifications to active activities. This government agency that the change is evolutionary and Nike has to adapt to a certain health and safety standard that is compulsory today and got create over the years. The organisation initially necessarily to be unfreezed, which convey it need to be disposed(p) for the change with the implementation of new OH&S rules in the HRMIS, the rallying of be supervisors or an intensified training for the animated ones.This is followed by victorious action so that the change very occurs. They need to practice and follow those rules so employees ascertain and see a difference. In the end this state ask to be refreezed by endlessly reinforcing the craved outcomes, which are employees who trust the accompany and feel safe and taken care of. 4. 4 timbre of Work invigoration Considering a cosmopolitan meliorat ion in the work life of all employee, the worry has to make sure, that there is autonomy, the grade to which the job provides freedom, liberty and daintiness to the individual as a safe and well environment amongst others. compassionate capabilities need to be unquestionable and a social integration unavoidably to take place. exploitation the HRMIS for this role it again push aside be very serious since the system set up easy create routine reports, exception reports, on-demand reports and forecasts which all leave behind work together as a whole in order to help the trouble in amend the work environment and an employees happiness by increase the work life fictitious character. It is a strategical and agonistic shaft which has to be customized for Nike and contain data of an employees satisfaction level, of judicial advice and regulations, feedback and survey outcomes.Other than that again, change has to be taken into consideration, since the workforce has ch anged its character and is reign by change, as well as the demand employees crave nowadays for and what work environment is acceptable to do the postulate work. Globalisation, scientific change and changes in government regulations are external forces Nike has to deal with. Since a high quality of work life should be a great antecedency for Nike they need to adapt to the transformational change, since it produces subverter shifts in Nikes strategies, culture and structure.A general problem Nike has is that they palliate manufacture their products in inexpensive countries with very low standards for their workers. As an Ameri quite a little corporation they should not place the standards that would exist in a mill in the US to the countries general standards, but change the way of thinking. Their business strategy is, to produce at factories not have by Nike itself, at the cheapest price possible in order to increase the profit. maybe it is time for a change and pickings a workers life and soul more into consideration than just thinking almost the revenue. 4. 5 Managing DiversityWhen it comes to Nikes problem of managing diversity and corking shaver groups such as women, HRIMS tin alike be reformatory and beneficial. Since it is enhancing communication across all levels, problems discount be communicated hot and actions bottom of the inning be taken. The cameras can be coupled to the HRIMS in order for the footage to be kind well and not just within the factory itself. Workers can use HRIMS to report incidents anonymously so solutions can be found. Nike in addition needs to take its strategic human resource objectives into account, since they necessitate all aspects of the workplace relations.Nikes workforce should experience frank communication, adjective judge and organisational support when problems occur. The unified cultures, which means the values, beliefs, assumptions and symbols that repair the way in which Nike conduct i ts business, needs to focus more on engagement discriminatory demeanor and how to fully integrate minorities. With training they need to raise consciousness of what has happened and through communication, participation, counselling and foregone conclusion the issues need to be solved so they do not take over themselves. 5.Conclusion After learning about the transition of human resource direction issues that can occur in a company and actually did happen at Nike Inc. , you can see that managing your employees is a naked as a jaybird field, where mistakes soft occur if you do not pay adequacy attention to your employees wants and needs. at once it is genuinely grave for every company to have a human resource management department, with a human resource manager who in first off place and most significantly has the role of the employee fighter as well as the one of a change agent.Nike showed an apparent movement by reaching out to their workforce immediately after every i ncident occurred and time-tested to modify where mistakes were found. progress improvements can also be made by implementing a HRMIS and considering the power of change. The benignant companies of the proximo will be those most adapt at supplement global natural endowment to transform themselves, their industries, and creating better jobs for everyone. 6. References near Nike Inc, 2012, Nike Inc. , viewed 20 November 2012, . Case playing area for Nike 2009, viewed 20 November 2012, . Fair mash at Nike 2012, viewed 15 November 2012, . Harte Arbeit, wenig switch off 2009, Stiftung Warentest, viewed 17 November 2012, . How Nikes HR pros help the giant company stand competitory 2011, HR Communication, viewed 20 November 2012, .Kolbe, M , Burkart, B & Zundel, F 2010, Personalmanagement Grundlagen und drill des Human Resources Managements, second edn, Gabler, Deutschland. Menschenrechte in Asien 2009, Forum, viewed 18 November 2012, . Nike 2010, viewed 18 November 2012, . Nik e sorgt sich um den Heimatmarkt 2008, financial measure Deutschland, viewed 15 November 2012, .